Originality, Plagiarism, and Research Integrity

• Manuscripts must be original and unpublished elsewhere.
• Plagiarism is strictly prohibited; the journal uses Turnitin/iThenticate for screening.
• Acceptable similarity index: below 20% (excluding references, quotations, methodology).
• Misconduct includes:
  • Plagiarism
  • Data fabrication/falsification
  • Image manipulation or misrepresentation
• Allegations of misconduct are handled per COPE guidelines.
• Authors must retain raw data and provide it for verification if requested.