Originality, Plagiarism, and Research Integrity

·        Manuscripts must be original and unpublished elsewhere.

·        Plagiarism is strictly prohibited; the journal uses Turnitin/iThenticate for screening.

·        Acceptable similarity index: below 20% (excluding references, quotations, methodology).

·        Misconduct includes:

o   Plagiarism

o   Data fabrication/falsification

o   Image manipulation or misrepresentation

·        Allegations of misconduct are handled per COPE guidelines.

·        Authors must retain raw data and provide it for verification if requested.