Citation Style

·        IRJOSS follows the APA (American Psychological Association) Style, 7th Edition for in-text citations and references.

·        Authors must ensure accuracy, consistency, and completeness of all citations.

In-Text Citations

·        Use author–date citation format.

·        Cite sources within the text immediately after the referenced idea.

Examples:

·        One author:

o   (Ali, 2022)

·        Two authors:

o   (Khan & Ahmed, 2021)

·        Three or more authors:

o   (Hussain et al., 2020)

·        Direct quotation:

o   (Malik, 2019, p. 45)

Reference List

·        The reference list must appear at the end of the manuscript.

·        Arrange references alphabetically by the surname of the first author.

·        Use hanging indentation.

·        Include DOI or URL where available.

·        All sources cited in-text must appear in the reference list and vice versa.

Reference Format Examples

 

Journal Article: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume (Issue), page range. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Example: Khan, M. A., & Shah, R. (2021). Social development in emerging economies. Journal of Social Studies, 15(2), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxx

Book: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.

Example: Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.

Book Chapter:  Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Title of the book (pp. xx–xx). Publisher.

Website: Author/Organization. (Year). Title of webpage. Website Name. URL

Example: World Bank. (2022). Education and economic growth. https://www.worldbank.org

Thesis / Dissertation:  Author, A. A. (Year). Title of thesis (Unpublished master’s thesis / Doctoral dissertation). Institution Name.

 

Citation Ethics:

·        Proper citation is mandatory to avoid plagiarism.

·        Authors must acknowledge all sources of ideas, data, and quotations.

·        Self-plagiarism and excessive self-citation are discouraged.

Responsibility of Authors

·        Authors are fully responsible for the correctness of citations and references.

·        Manuscripts with incomplete or incorrect citations may be returned for revision or rejected.

Recommended Tools

·        Reference management tools such as Mendeley, Zotero, and EndNote may be used.